Fissure

A fissure is a small tear or crack in the skin or mucous membrane, most commonly found in the anus, and is referred to as an anal fissure when located in that area. These tears can be painful, especially during or after bowel movements.

A fissure which is present for less than 6 weeks is called an Acute fissure .

That which is more than 6 weeks old is called a Chronic fissure . The Chronic fissure is usually hard to feel and may have a skin tag like growth called Sentinel Pile.

Causes of Anal Fissures :

• Constipation :
  Hard, dry stools can stretch the skin around the anus, causing it to tear.
• Diarrhea :
  Frequent bowel movements or loose stools can irritate the anal area, leading to fissures.
• Childbirth :
  Vaginal delivery can cause trauma to the perineum, resulting in an anal fissure.
• Anal sex :
  This can also lead to tearing or injury in the anal region.
• Inflammatory conditions :
  Diseases like Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis can make the skin more prone to fissures.
• Improper hygiene :
  Over-washing or using harsh soaps can irritate the anal area and contribute to fissures.
• Age :
  As you age, skin elasticity decreases, which may increase susceptibility to fissures.

Precautions to Prevent and Manage Fissures :

• Maintain good bowel habits :
  Avoid constipation by eating a high-fiber diet, drinking plenty of water, and using stool softeners if necessary.
• Avoid straining during bowel movements :
  This can aggravate or worsen a fissure.
• Use gentle wipes or warm water: :
  Clean the anal area gently after bowel movements. Avoid harsh soaps and opt for unscented wipes.
• Keep the area dry :
  After cleaning, gently pat the area dry to prevent irritation.
• Warm baths :
  Soaking in a warm bath (sitz bath) for 10-15 minutes a few times a day can help relieve pain and promote healing.
• Increase fiber intake :
  Eating more fiber-rich foods (fruits, vegetables, whole grains) can prevent constipation, which is a major cause of fissures.

What we do at Smilex Advance Laser Piles Hospital :

Acute fissures ( 6weeks old ) are usually treated non-surgically with medicines.
Even Chronic fissures are first given a trial of medical management. The aim of the treatment is to break the vicious cycle of anal sphincter spasm and tearing of the anal skin.
Our first line of treatment is medication and life style modification.

• Basti :
  Basti is the introduction of herbal decoctions and medicated oils into the colon through the rectum.
• Laser Fissurectomy :
  It is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that uses a laser beam to treat anal fissures.